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what river flows from johnstown pa to pittsburgh

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River in Pennsylvania and New York, United States

Allegheny River
Freeport bridge.jpg

The Allegheny River, looking upstream at Freeport, Pennsylvania
Location
Country United States
State Pennsylvania, New York
Concrete characteristics
Source
 • location Allegany Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania, virtually Coudersport, Pennsylvania at the corner of Ben Green and Cobb Hill Rd
 • coordinates 41°52′22″N 77°52′30″W  /  41.8728449°Northward 77.874998°W  / 41.8728449; -77.874998 [i]
 • elevation two,450 anxiety (750 m)[ii]
Mouth

 • location

 Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

 • coordinates

 xl°26′36″N 80°00′54″W  /  40.4434025°N 80.0150536°W  / 40.4434025; -80.0150536 Coordinates: 40°26′36″N 80°00′54″Due west  /  40.4434025°N 80.0150536°W  / forty.4434025; -80.0150536 [one]

 • pinnacle

 712 anxiety (217 m)[1]
Length 325 miles (523 km)
Bowl size 11,580 square miles (30,000 kmii)
Discharge
 • boilerplate 19,750 cu ft/s (559 m3/south) at the village of Natrona, PA (river mile 24.iii)[three]
Basin features
Progression Allegheny River → Ohio River → Mississippi River → Gulf of Mexico
Tributaries
 • left Tionesta Creek, Clarion River, Redbank Creek, Mahoning Creek, Crooked Creek, Kiskiminetas River, Buffalo Creek, Chartiers Run
 • correct Conewango Creek, Brokenstraw Creek, Oil Creek, French Creek, Balderdash Creek, Deer Creek, Squaw Run, Pine Creek, Girtys Run, Pucketa Creek

National Wild and Scenic River
Blazon Recreational
Designated Apr 20, 1992

The Allegheny River ( AL-ə-GAE-nee) is a 325-mile (523 km) long headwater stream of the Ohio River in western Pennsylvania and New York, United States. The Allegheny River runs from its headwaters just below the center of Pennsylvania's northern border northwesterly into New York then in a zigzag southwesterly across the border and through Western Pennsylvania to join the Monongahela River at the Forks of the Ohio on the "Indicate" of Signal State Park in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River is, by book, the main headstream of both the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Historically, the Allegheny was considered to be the upper Ohio River by both Native Americans and European settlers.

The shallow river has been fabricated navigable upstream from Pittsburgh to East Brady by a series of locks and dams constructed in the early 20th century. A 24-mile long portion of the upper river in Warren and McKean counties of Pennsylvania and Cattaraugus County in New York is the Allegheny Reservoir, created by the erection of the Kinzua Dam in 1965 for flood control.

The name of the river comes from one of a number of Delaware/Unami phrases which are homophones of the English language name, with varying translations.

Etymology [edit]

The name Allegheny probably comes from Lenape welhik hane [four] [5] or oolikhanna, which ways 'best flowing river of the hills' or 'cute stream'.[6] There is a Lenape legend of a tribe chosen "Allegewi" who used to live along the river.[vii] Hernando de Soto in 1540 and others such as Henry Schoolcraft in subsequent years report the "Allegewi" were the Cherokees.[8]

The following business relationship of the origin of the name Allegheny was given in 1780 by Moravian missionary David Zeisberger: "All this land and region, stretching as far every bit the creeks and waters that flow into the Alleghene the Delawares called Alligewinenk, which means 'a state into which they came from distant parts'. The river itself, notwithstanding, is called Alligewi Sipo. The whites accept fabricated Alleghene out of this, the Vi Nations calling the river the Ohio."[9]

Indians, including the Lenni Lenape and Iroquois, considered the Allegheny and Ohio rivers as the same, every bit is suggested by a New York State road sign on Interstate 86 that refers to the Allegheny River also as Ohiːyo'.[vii] The Geographic Names Information Arrangement lists O-hee-yo and O-hi-o every bit variant names.[10] The river is called Ohi:'i:o` (river beautiful) in the Seneca language.[11] In New York, areas effectually the river are frequently named with the alternate spelling Allegany in reference to the river; for case, the Village of Allegany and Allegany State Park. Port Allegany, located along the river in Pennsylvania near the border with New York, also follows this pattern.

Course [edit]

Much of the Allegheny River's course is through hilly woodlands.

The Allegheny River rises in north central Pennsylvania, on Cobb Hill in Allegany Township in north central Potter County,[i] [two] eight miles (16 km) due south of the New York–Pennsylvania border and a few miles northwest of the eastern triple split up. The stream flows south and passes under Pennsylvania Route 49 11 miles northeast of Coudersport where a historical marker that declares the starting time of the river is located. Cobb Loma is well-nigh a mile north. The stream flows southwest paralleling Road 49 to Coudersport.[two] It continues west to Port Allegany then turns north into western New York,[12] looping west across southern Cattaraugus County for approximately 30 miles (48 km), past Portville, Olean, Allegany and Salamanca and flowing through Seneca Indian Nation lands close to the northern boundary of Allegany State Park before re-entering northwestern Pennsylvania within the Allegheny Reservoir simply east of the Warren-McKean county line, approx. ten miles (32 km) northeast of Warren.[13]

It flows in a broad zigzag course generally southwest across Western Pennsylvania; first flowing southwest past Warren, Tidioute, Tionesta, Oil Urban center, and Franklin, forming much of the northwestern boundary of Allegheny National Woods. South of Franklin it turns southeast across Clarion Canton in a meandering course, then turns once again southwest across Armstrong County, flowing past Kittanning, Ford Metropolis, Clinton, and Freeport.[14] [15] [16]

The river enters both Allegheny and Westmoreland counties, the Pittsburgh suburbs, and the City of Pittsburgh from the northeast. Information technology passes the Northward Side, downtown Pittsburgh, and Indicate State Park. The Allegheny joins with the Monongahela River at the "Bespeak" in downtown Pittsburgh to form the Ohio River.[17]

Hydrography [edit]

The headwaters of the Allegheny River are in this meadow in Potter County

The river is approximately 325 miles (523 km) long, running through the U.Southward. states of New York and Pennsylvania.[x] It drains a rural dissected plateau of 11,580 square miles (30,000 km2) in the northern Allegheny Plateau, providing the northeasternmost drainage in the watershed of the Mississippi River. Its tributaries reach to within 8 miles (thirteen km) of Lake Erie in southwestern New York.

Water from the Allegheny River eventually flows into the Gulf of United mexican states via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.

The Allegheny Valley has been one of the about productive areas of fossil fuel extraction in Usa history, with its extensive deposits of coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Tributaries [edit]

In its upper reaches, the Allegheny River is joined from the southward by Potato Creek 1.7 miles (2.7 km) downstream of Coryville, Pennsylvania and from the n past Olean Creek at Olean, New York. Tunungwant "Tuna" Creek joins the river from the south in Carrollton, New York (flowing northward from Bradford, Pennsylvania); the Dandy Valley Creek and Piffling Valley Creek join the river from the north at Salamanca, New York before becoming the Allegheny Reservoir.

After re-inbound Pennsylvania, the river is joined from the east by Kinzua Creek x miles (16 km) upstream of Warren; from the due north past Conewango Creek at Warren; from the west past Brokenstraw Creek; from the east by East Hickory Creek at Due east Hickory; from the east by Tionesta Creek at Tionesta; from the north by Oil Creek at Oil City; from the due west by French Creek at Franklin; from the due east by the Clarion River, a master tributary, at Parker; from the due east by Crooked Creek southeast of Kittanning; and from the east by the Kiskiminetas River, another principal tributary, at Schenley. Buffalo Creek enters at Freeport, Chartiers Run enters at Lower Burrell, Bull Creek enters at Tarentum, Pucketa Creek enters near New Kensington, Riddle Run enters at Springdale, and Girtys Run enters at Millvale. Many additional streams enter or join with the Allegheny River along its course.

Locks, dams and bridges [edit]

Several locks were built in the early 20th century to make the Allegheny River navigable for 72 miles upstream from Pittsburgh to East Brady.

The Allegheny River has eight locks and fixed-crest dams[eighteen] numbered two through 9: Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 2, 3, iv, 5, 6, 7, 8, nine which form corresponding reservoirs.

The river is also impounded by the Kinzua Dam in northwestern Pennsylvania, resulting in the Allegheny Reservoir also known as Kinzua Lake and Lake Perfidy among the Seneca. The Seneca Pumped Storage Generating Station is associated with Kinzua Dam.

Numerous bridges and tunnels span the river throughout its grade. The Allegheny River Tunnel, utilized past Pittsburgh Light Rail, went into service in 2012.

History [edit]

In the latter one-half of the 17th century, control of the river valley passed back-and-forth between Algonquian-speaking Shawnee and the Iroquois. By the time of the arrival of the French in the early 18th century, the Shawnee were once again in control and formed an alliance with the French against the incursion of British settlement across the Allegheny Mountains. The disharmonize over the expansion of British settlement into the Allegheny Valley and the surrounding Ohio Country was a main cause of the French and Indian State of war in the 1750s.[19] During the war, the village of Kittanning – the principal Shawnee settlement on the river – was completely destroyed past British reprisal raids from Central Pennsylvania.

Nevertheless, the British, subsequently gaining control of the area in the 1763 Treaty of Paris, kept the area closed to white settlement, in part to repair and maintain relations with the Native Americans. After the War of Independence, the entire river valley became part of the United states of america of America.

During the 19th century, the river became a master means of navigation in the upper Ohio valley, peculiarly for the transport of coal. Although the building of the railroads lessened the importance of the river somewhat, the lower river (navigable as far as East Brady, Pennsylvania through locks) has continued to serve equally a route of commercial transportation until the present day. In 1859, the first U.S. petroleum was drilled n of the river at Titusville. One of the underlying bounds of the Genesee Valley Canal was its connection to the river, opening a trade route from Rochester, New York to the west. The advent of the railroads obviated whatever interest Pennsylvania might have had in participating to ameliorate navigation on the river. The canal was closed in 1877 and the right-of-style sold to the Genesee Valley Culvert Railroad.

In 1965, the completion of the federally sponsored Kinzua Dam for inundation-control in northwestern Pennsylvania e of Warren created the long Allegheny Reservoir, known equally Lake Perfidy among the Seneca, part of which is included in the Allegheny National Recreation Surface area. The dam flooded parts of lands deeded "forever" to the Seneca Nation of Indians by the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua, and lands given to Cornplanter and his descendants. The event was described in the Johnny Greenbacks vocal "As Long as the Grass Shall Grow" from the 1964 anthology Biting Tears: Ballads of the American Indian, which focused on the history of and problems facing Native Americans in the United States.

The construction of the dam and the filling of the Allegheny Reservoir also necessitated the emptying of the small village of Corydon, which was located at the confluence of Willow Creek with the Allegheny River; and the small village of Kinzua, which was located at the confluence of Kinzua Creek with the Allegheny River. All residents of both villages were forced to move.

Many prominent individuals opposed the construction of the dam at that time because of the impairment information technology would do to Seneca lands, including Pennsylvania Congressman John P. Saylor of Johnstown, and Howard Zahniser, executive director of The Wilderness Guild and native of Tionesta—a pocket-sized settlement located forth the Allegheny River several miles downstream from Warren. During the campaign for the 1960 United states presidential election, John F. Kennedy bodacious the Seneca Nation that he would oppose the dam if elected. Nonetheless, he failed to follow through on his pledge upon becoming president.

In 1992, 86.half-dozen miles (139.4 km) of the Allegheny River was designated Wild and Scenic. This designation comprises iii segments of the river located in Warren, Wood, and Venango counties.[20]

In 2008, Katie Spotz became the starting time person to swim the entire 325 miles (523 km) of the Allegheny River; she was accompanied by rubber kayaker, James Hendershott.[21] The team began at the river'southward source in Raymond, Pennsylvania on July 22 and finished at the "Point" in Downtown Pittsburgh on Baronial 21.[22]

Settlements [edit]

New York [edit]

  • Allegany
  • Carrollton
  • Jimerson Town
  • Olean
  • Portville
  • St. Bonaventure
  • Salamanca
  • Weston Mills

Pennsylvania [edit]

The Allegheny River at Foxburg, Pennsylvania

  • Applewold
  • Arnold
  • Aspinwall
  • Blawnox
  • Brackenridge
  • Cheswick
  • Coudersport
  • Creighton
  • East Brady
  • Due east Hickory
  • Eldred
  • Emlenton
  • Etna
  • Ford Metropolis
  • Foxburg
  • Franklin
  • Freeport
  • Harmarville
  • Kennerdell
  • Kittanning
  • Lower Burrell
  • Manorville
  • Millvale
  • Natrona
  • New Kensington
  • Oakmont
  • Oil City
  • Parker
  • Penn Hills
  • Pittsburgh
  • Plum
  • Port Allegany
  • Roulette
  • Schenley
  • Sharpsburg
  • Springdale
  • Starbrick
  • Tarentum
  • Templeton
  • Tidioute
  • Tionesta
  • Verona
  • Warren
  • West Hickory
  • West Kittanning
  • Woodland Heights
  • Youngsville

Encounter also [edit]

  • Allegheny Islands Land Park
  • Allegheny Riverfront Park
  • List of rivers of New York
  • List of rivers of Pennsylvania
  • Pittsburgh Flood of 1936
  • Pittsburgh Three Rivers Regatta

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Allegheny River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
  2. ^ a b c Sweden Valley, PA, seven.five Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1969 (1972 rev.)
  3. ^ USGS Data Study 2009 Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  4. ^ "welhik". Lenape Talking Dictionary. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved December fourteen, 2011.
  5. ^ "Heckewelder here does not give the strict significant of hanne. The discussion in common use among Algonkin [i.e., Algonquian] tribes for river is sipu, and this includes the idea of 'a stream of flowing water'. But in the mountainous parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia sipu did not sufficiently convey the idea of a rapid stream, roaring down mountain gorges, and hanne takes its place to designate not a mere sipu, or flowing river, only a rapid mountain stream." Russell, Erret (1885). "Indian Geographical Names". Mag of Western History. 2 (1): 53–59.
  6. ^ Trumbull, J. Hammond (1870). The Composition of Indian Geographical Names. Hartford, Conn. pp. thirteen–14.
  7. ^ a b Stewart, George R. (1967). Names on the Country . Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 8. ISBN0-938530-02-10.
  8. ^ Hodge, Frederick Webb, ed. (1907). Handbook of American Indians north of United mexican states. Washington: Regime Printing Office. pp. 245-249.
  9. ^ Zeisberger, David (1999). David Zeisberger's History of the Northern American Indians in 18th Century Ohio, New York and Pennsylvania. Wennawoods Publishing. p. 33. ISBNone-889037-17-six.
  10. ^ a b "Allegheny River". Geographic Names Information Organization. U.s.a. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-05-13 .
  11. ^ "Glossary of Seneca Words". Cyberspace Sacred Text Archive.
  12. ^ Bradford, PA, 1:100,000 Calibration Topographic Map, USGS, 1980
  13. ^ Olean, NY, 1:100,000 Calibration Topographic Map, USGS, 1986
  14. ^ Warren, PA, 1:100,000 Calibration Topographic Map, USGS, 1983
  15. ^ Oil City, PA, 1:100,000 Scale Topographic Map, USGS, 1983
  16. ^ Indiana, PA, 1:100,000 Scale Topographic Map, USGS, 1983
  17. ^ Pittsburg East and Pittsburg West 1:100,000 Scale Topographic Maps, USGS, 1986
  18. ^ "Know the Rivers!" (PDF). fishandboat.com. All dams on the Allegheny River are Fixed Crest
  19. ^ MacCorkle, William Alexander. "The historical and other relations of Pittsburgh and the Virginias". Historic Pittsburgh General Text Collection. University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  20. ^ Allegheny Wild and Breathtaking River – Allegheny National Forest. Retrieved June xvi, 2018.
  21. ^ Shuster, Patrick; Garrone, Francine (2008-08-eighteen). "Ohio woman pond length of Allegheny River". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Tribune-Review Publishing Visitor. Retrieved June sixteen, 2018.
  22. ^ Nephin, Dan (August 22, 2008). "Ohio swimmer completes 325-mile swim of Allegheny". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Tribune-Review Publishing Visitor. Retrieved June xvi, 2018.

Further reading [edit]

  • Schafer, Jim; Mike Sajna (1992). The Allegheny River: Watershed of the Nation. University Park, Pennsylvania, Usa: The Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN978-0-271-00836-3.

External links [edit]

  • U.South. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_River

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