Rates of Asian American Family Caregivers of Older Adults With Dementia

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Definitions

A caregiver—sometimes called an informal caregiver —is an unpaid individual (for example, a spouse, partner, family member, friend, or neighbour) involved in assisting others with activities of daily living and/or medical tasks. Formal caregivers are paid care providers providing care in i's habitation or in a care setting (24-hour interval care, residential facility, long-term care facility). For the purposes of the nowadays fact sheet, displayed statistics mostly refer to caregivers of adults.

The figures beneath reflect variations in the definitions and criteria used in each cited source. For case, the age of care recipients or relationship of caregiver to care recipient may differ from study to study.

How Many Caregivers in the U.South.?

Approximately 43.5 meg caregivers have provided unpaid care to an adult or kid in the terminal 12 months. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
About 34.2 million Americans take provided unpaid intendance to an adult age 50 or older in the last 12 months. [National Brotherhood for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
The bulk of caregivers (82%) intendance for one other adult, while 15% treat 2 adults, and 3% for iii or more adults. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Approximately 39.8 million caregivers provide care to adults (aged 18+) with a inability or disease or 16.6% of Americans. [Coughlin, J. (2010). Estimating the Impact of Caregiving and Employment on Well-Being: Outcomes & Insights in Health Direction.]
About 15.vii million adult family caregivers treat someone who has Alzheimer'southward disease or other dementia. [Alzheimer's Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer's Illness Facts and Figures.]

Economic Value

The value of services provided by breezy caregivers has steadily increased over the last decade, with an estimated economic value of $470 billion in 2013, upward from $450 billion in 2009 and $375 billion in 2007. [AARP Public Policy Constitute. (2015). Valuing the Invaluable: 2015 Update.]
At $470 billion in 2013, the value of unpaid caregiving exceeded the value of paid home care and total Medicaid spending in the same twelvemonth, and nearly matched the value of the sales of the world'southward largest company, Wal-Mart ($477 billion). [AARP Public Policy Constitute. (2015). Valuing the Invaluable: 2015 Update.]
The economical value of the care provided by unpaid caregivers of those with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias was $217.7 billion in 2014. [Alzheimer'south Clan. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer'south Disease Facts and Figures.]

Gender

65% of intendance recipients are female, with an average age of 69.four. The younger the care recipient, the more probable the recipient is to exist male. 45% of recipients aged 18-45 are male, while 33% of recipients aged l or higher are male person. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.Due south.]
Upwards of 75% of all caregivers are female, and may spend as much as 50% more time providing care than males. [Institute on Aging. (2016). Read How IOA Views Aging in America.]
Male caregivers are less likely to provide personal care, but 24% helped a loved i get dressed compared to 28% of female caregivers. 16% of male caregivers help with bathing versus 30% of females. 40% of male caregivers use paid assistance for a loved one's personal care. About 14.5 meg caregivers are males out of the 43.4% who care for an older family unit member. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2009). Caregiving in the U.S.]

Gender and Care Tasks

Males may be sharing in caregiving tasks more than in the past, merely females however shoulder the major burden of care. For example, while some studies show a relatively equitable distribution of caregiving between males and females, female caregivers spend more than fourth dimension providing care than males practice (21.ix vs. 17.4 hours per week). [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2009). Caregiving in the U.S.]
College-hr caregivers (21 hours or more weekly) are about 4 times more probable to be caring for a spouse/partner. [ National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.South.]
Amongst spousal caregivers aged 75+, both sexes provide equal amounts of care. [McCann, J. J., Hebert, Fifty. Eastward., Beckett, L. A., Morris, Chiliad. C., Scherr, P. A., & Evans, D. A. (2000). Comparing of Informal Caregiving past Black and White Older Adults in a Community Population.]
Other studies indicate that 36% of female caregivers handle the most difficult caregiving tasks (i.e., bathing, toileting, and dressing) when compared with 24% for their male counterparts, who are more than likely to assistance with finances, organization of care, and other less burdensome tasks. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2009). Caregiving in the U.S.]

Caregiving in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Communities

ix% of caregivers self-place as LGBT. [National Brotherhood for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
There are at least 3 million LGBT persons aged 55+ in the U.S. This number is expected to double in the next two decades. [Espinoza, R. (2014). Out and Visible: The Experiences and Attitudes of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Older Adults, Ages 45-75.]
Male caregivers written report providing more hours of care than female caregivers. The average weekly hours of intendance provided by females from both the LGBT and general population samples is similar—26 vs. 28 hours—merely LGBT males provide far more than hours of care than males from the comparison sample (41 hours vs. 29). This reflects that nigh 14% of gay males bespeak that they are full-time caregivers, spending over 150 hours per week in this capacity, compared to 3% of lesbian and 2% of bisexual respondents. [MetLife. (2010). Still Out, Still Aging: Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Baby Boomers.]
LGBT individuals are more than probable to be very concerned about having plenty money (51% vs. 36%), experiencing loneliness in old age (32% vs. 19%), failing concrete health (43% vs. 33%), not existence able to take care of themselves (43% vs. 34%) or not having anybody to accept care of them (30% vs. xvi%) compared to non-LGBT. [Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H. J., Emlet, C. A., Muraco, A., Erosheva, E. A., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., Goldsen, J., & Petry, H. (2011). The Crumbling and Health Report: Disparities and Resilience amid Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults.]
20% of older LGBT individuals and 44% of older transgender individuals feel their relationship with their healthcare provider would be adversely affected if their health provider knew their sexual orientation/gender. [Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H.-J., Emlet, C. A., Muraco, A., Erosheva, E. A., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., Goldsen, J., & Petry, H. (2011). The Aging and Health Report: Disparities and Resilience among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults.]
LGBT older adults are twice equally likely to age as a single person, twice equally likely to reside solitary, and three to four times less likely to have children. [MetLife. (2010). Still Out, Still Aging: The MetLife Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Infant Boomers.]

Caregiving Tasks

On average, caregivers spend:
- 13 days each calendar month on tasks such equally shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, and giving medication;
- 6 days per month on feeding, dressing, grooming, walking, bathing, and assistance toileting;
- 13 hours per calendar month researching care services or information on disease, coordinating doc visits or managing financial matters. [Gallup-Healthways. (2011). Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index.]
Of family unit caregivers who provide complex chronic care:
- 46% perform medical and nursing tasks;
- More 96% provide help with activities of daily living (ADLs) such every bit personal hygiene, dressing and undressing, getting in and out of bed, or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as taking prescribed medications, shopping for groceries, transportation, or using technology, or both. [AARP and United Health Hospital Fund. (2012). Home Alone: Family Caregivers Providing Circuitous Chronic Care.]
On average, caregivers perform 1.7 of 6 ADLs, most commonly getting in and out of beds and chairs (43%). [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
On average, caregivers perform 4.2 of 7 IADLs, most commonly transportation (78%), grocery or other shopping (76%), and housework (72%). [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
57% of caregivers report that they do not have a option about performing clinical tasks, and that this lack of option is self-imposed.
- 43% feel that these tasks are their personal responsibility because no one else tin do it or because insurance will non pay for a professional person caregiver.
- 12% report that they are pressured to perform these tasks by the intendance receiver.
- viii% report that they are pressured to perform these tasks by another family unit member. [AARP and United Health Hospital Fund. (2012). Home Alone: Family Caregivers Providing Complex Chronic Care.]
Caregivers report belongings significant decision-making authority regarding the post-obit:
- Monitoring of the care recipient'due south status and adjusting intendance (66%);
- Communicating with healthcare professionals on behalf of the care recipient (63%);
- Interim as an advocate for the care recipient with intendance providers, community services, or government agencies (50%). [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.Southward.]

Age

Distribution of caregiver historic period:
- Average age: 49.2 years old
- 48% of caregivers are 18-49 years old
- 34% of caregivers are 65+ years old [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Distribution of care recipient age:
- Average age: 69.four years erstwhile
- 14% of intendance recipients are xviii-49 years quondam
- 47% of care recipients are 75+ years old [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
The number of hours dedicated to caregiving increases with the age of the caregiver.
- Higher-hr caregivers are, on average, 51.8 years of age.
- Lower-hour caregivers boilerplate 48 years of historic period.

Number of Hours Dedicated to Caregiving by Historic period of Family Caregiver

[The Partnership for Solutions. (2004). Chronic Weather condition: Making the Example for Ongoing Care.]

Older caregivers are more likely to care for a spouse or partner. The boilerplate age of spousal caregivers is 62.3. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Many caregivers of older adults are themselves growing older. The boilerplate caregiver of a recipient 65 years of historic period or older is 63 years old. Of these caregivers, ane third report existence in off-white to poor health. [Administration on Aging. (2005). NFCSP: Complete Resource Guide.]

Time Spent Caregiving

4 in 10 (40%) caregivers are in loftier-burden situations, 18% medium burden, and 41% low burden based on the Level of Intendance Index (1997). Burden of care increases with hours of care provided. 92% of providers providing 21 or more hours per week are loftier burden versus 16% of lower hour providers. [National Brotherhood for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Primary family unit caregivers of people with dementia report spending an boilerplate of 9 hours per day providing help to their relatives. [Fisher, G. G., Franks, M. One thousand., Plassman, B. L., Brown, S. Fifty., Potter, G. One thousand., Llewellyn, D., et al. (2011). Caring for Individuals with Dementia and Cerebral Impairment, not Dementia: Findings from the Crumbling, Demographics, and Memory Study.]

Hours per Calendar week

Family unit caregivers spend an boilerplate of 24.4 hours per calendar week providing care. Almost i in 4 caregivers spends 41 hours or more than per calendar week providing care. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.South.]
Family caregivers who reside with those they provide care for spend 40.5 hours per calendar week caring for this person.
- Those caring for a spouse/partner spend 44.six hours per week performing caregiving tasks.
- Those caring for a child under historic period 18 spend 29.7 hours per week performing caregiving tasks. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Older caregivers who are 75+ years quondam provide 34 hours in an average week on caregiving. Middle anile caregivers report spending 21.7 hours per calendar week on caregiving tasks. [National Brotherhood for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.Due south.]
Family unit and other unpaid caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias provide an estimated 21.ix hours of care per week. [Alzheimer's Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer'southward Disease Facts and Figures.]

Months and Years Providing Intendance

The boilerplate duration of a caregiver's role is 4 years.
- Just 30% of caregivers provide care for less than a year.
- 24% of caregivers provide treat more than v years.
- fifteen% of caregivers provide care for 10 or more years. Higher-hour caregivers are twice equally probable to have been in their caregiving function for 10 years or more. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.Due south.]
Regardless of employment status, unpaid caregivers study that positive activities in their respective daily lives are reduced by 27.ii% as a result of their caregiving responsibilities. This event is three times greater in their personal lives than in their professional person lives. [Coughlin, J. (2010). Estimating the Impact of Caregiving and Employment on Well-Being: Outcomes & Insights in Health Management.]
Measured past duration of intendance, Alzheimer'south and dementia caregivers provide intendance on average 1-4 years more than than caregivers caring for someone with an disease other than Alzheimer's disease. They are also more probable to exist providing care for five years or longer. [Alzheimer'southward Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer's Illness Facts and Figures.]

Race and Ethnicity

Individual developed caregivers in the U.S. identify their race/ethnicity every bit the following:
- White: 62%
- African-American: 13%
- Hispanic (not-White, non-African-American): 17%
- Asian-American: six% [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.Southward.]
Hispanic (non-White, non-African-American) caregivers have the highest reported prevalence of caregiving at 21%. Caregiver prevalence among other racial/indigenous groups are as follows:
- African-American: 20.three%
- Asian-American: nineteen.seven%
- White: xvi.9% [National Brotherhood for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.South.]
White caregivers are on boilerplate older (52.5 years one-time) than their counterparts amongst other races/ethnicities. The average age of caregivers among other racial/indigenous groups are equally follows:
- Asian-American: 46.half-dozen years old
- African-American: 44.ii years old
- Hispanic (non-White, non-African-American): 42.7 years old [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.South.]
Hispanic (non-White, not-African-American) and African-American caregivers experience higher burdens from caregiving and spend more time caregiving on average than their White or Asian-American peers. The percentage of high burden caregivers caregiving time by racial/indigenous groups are as follows:
- African-American: 57%, 30 hours per week
- Hispanic (non-White, non-African-American): 45%, 30 hours per week
- White: 33%, 20 hours per week
- Asian-American: 30%, 16 hours per week [Alzheimer's Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures.]
More than half of African-American caregivers find themselves "sandwiched" betwixt caring for an older person and a younger person under age eighteen, or caring for more than one older person. African-American caregivers are also more likely to reside with the care recipient and spend an average of 20.half dozen hours per calendar week providing intendance. In improver, 66 per centum of African-American caregivers are employed full or part-time. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.Southward.]
The needs of care recipients vary past race/ethnicity. African-American caregivers (41%) are more than likely to provide help with more than three ADLs than white caregivers (28%) or Asian-Americans (23%). [Alzheimer'due south Clan. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures.]

Relationships between Caregivers and Intendance Recipients

A vast bulk of caregivers (85%) care for a relative or other loved one:
- 42% treat a parent (31% for a female parent, xi% for a father);
- 15% intendance for a friend, neighbour or another non-relative;
- fourteen % care for a child;
- 7% care for a parent-in-law;
- vii% care for a grandparent or grandparent-in-law. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Parent care continues to be the principal caregiving state of affairs for mid-life caregivers with 70% of the caregivers betwixt the ages of fifty and 64. [Wagner, D. & Takagi, E. (2010). Health Diplomacy: Breezy Caregiving by and for Older Adults.]
Near care recipients reside in their own home (48%), and ane in three (35%) reside in their caregiver's home. 3 in 10 intendance recipients who are non in assisted-living or skilled nursing facilities reside alone (31%).

[National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2009 & 2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]

Elder Corruption

The Department of Health defines abuse as, "a violation of an individual's homo and ceremonious rights past another person or persons." Abuse can take many forms, including physical, psychological, sexual, or financial abuse, discrimination, or fail.
- Nether this definition, as many as 25% of elder intendance recipients written report significant levels of abuse. [Cooper, C., Selwood, A., & Livingston, G. (2008). The Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review.]
Approximately ane in x Americans aged 60+ have experienced some form of elder corruption. Some estimates range as high every bit 5 million elders who are abused each year. [National Quango on Aging. (2016). Elder Abuse Facts.]
Only 7% of elder corruption cases are ever reported to authorities. [National Research Council. (2003). Elder Mistreatment: Corruption, Neglect and Exploitation in an Aging America.]
For every one case of elder abuse known to programs and agencies at that place are 24 unknown cases. [Lifespan of Greater Rochester, Inc., Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University & New York Urban center Department for the Aging. (2011). Under the Radar: New York State Elderberry Abuse Prevalence Report.]
Elder abuse, even pocket-sized abuse, increases chance of death past 300% compared to elders who have not been abused. [Dong, X., Simon, M. A., Beck, T., Farran, C., McCann, J., Mendes de Leon, C., et al. (2011). Elder Abuse and Mortality: The Function of Psychological and Social Wellbeing.]
The straight medical costs associated with trigger-happy injuries to older adults are estimated to add together over $v.three billion to the nation'south annual health expenditures, and the almanac financial loss by victims of elder fiscal exploitation were estimated to exist $2.9 billion in 2009, a 12% increment from 2008. [Assistants on Aging: National Center on Elder Abuse. (2016). Statistics/Data: Impact of Elderberry Abuse].

Geographic Altitude Betwixt Caregiver and Care Recipient

The vast majority of caregivers (75%) reside within xx minutes of their care recipient. xiii% of caregivers reside between twenty minutes and an 60 minutes away from their care recipient.
- The proportion of caregivers reporting they reside fewer than 20 minutes from the dwelling of their intendance recipient has increased steadily over the past 10 years (44% in 2004, 51% in 2009, and 75% in 2015). [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Every bit the age of the caregiver increases, their distance from their recipient decreases. 84% of caregivers aged 75+ reside within 20 minutes of their care recipient, compared to their caregiving peers in other age brackets:
- 76% of caregivers aged 65-74
- 72% of caregivers aged 50-64
- 74% of caregivers anile 18-49 [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]
48% of care recipients reside in their ain dwelling.
- College-hour care recipients are less likely to reside at home (28%) than lower-hour recipients (57%).
- Inversely, college-hr care recipients are more likely to reside in their caregiver's home (62%) than lower-hour recipients (22%). [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.South.]
Approximately five-7 million caregivers in the U.Southward. (virtually xv% of all caregivers) are long-distance caregivers. This number is projected to double by 2020. [National Quango on Crumbling. (2006). Nearly 7 Million Long-Distance Caregivers Make Work and Personal Sacrifices.]
Long-distance caregivers have the highest annual expenses (most $8,728) compared to co-resident caregivers (about $5,885) or those who care for a loved ane nearby (nigh $four,570). [AARP Public Policy Found. (2008). Valuing the Invaluable: The Economic Value of Family Caregiving.]
Long-distance caregivers reside an average of 450 miles (724 km) from their intendance recipients (or approximately 7 hours travel time).
- More than males (58%) than females (42%) are long-distance caregivers. [National Brotherhood for Caregiving and the MetLife Mature Marketplace Institute. (2004). Miles Abroad: The MetLife Report of Long-Distance Caregiving.]
Long-distance caregivers are more probable to report emotional distress (47%) than caregivers either residing with their care recipient (43%) or residing less than one hour away (28%). [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2004). Caregiving in the U.South.]
Caregivers who do not reside with their care receiver reside the following distances from those for whom they care:

[Gallup-Healthways. (2011). Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Survey: Caregiving Costs U.South. Economic system $25.two Billion in Lost Productivity.]

Caregiving in Rural Areas

More than half of the 65 meg Americans living in rural areas are over the age of fifty. Elders in rural areas (about a quarter of all elders) are more likely to reside alone, near or at the poverty level, and suffer from a chronic condition or physical disability. They require an average of 46 miles of travel to get to the nearest health professional. [U.Southward. Department of Wellness and Human Services Rural Job Strength. (2002). HHS Rural Job Force Report.]
3-half dozen million Americans are distance caregivers who provide care for a family member that resides an average of 450 miles abroad. [National Brotherhood for Caregiving & AARP. (2005). Caregiving in the U.S.]
Most 51% of caregivers in rural areas employ customs-based services. [Buckwalter, K. C., & Davis, L. L. (2009). Elderberry Caregiving in Rural Communities.]

Older Adults with Developmental Disabilities

In that location are an estimated 641,000 adults aged 60+ with cognitive and other disabilities (due east.g., cerebral palsy, autism, epilepsy, traumatic encephalon injury).
- This number is projected to double to 1,242,794 by 2030, coinciding with the aging population of baby boomers born betwixt 1946 and 1964. [Heller, T. (2011). Strength for Caring: Older Adults with Developmental Disabilities and Their Crumbling Family unit Caregivers.]
Families are still the primary caregivers for adults with developmental disabilities and are themselves crumbling. Well-nigh 76% of individuals with developmental disabilities reside at home.
- In 25% of these homes, the family caregiver is over 60 years of age.
- The average historic period of the care recipient with a developmental disability is age 38. [Heller, T. (2011). Strength for Caring: Older Adults with Developmental Disabilities and Their Aging Family Caregivers.]

Veterans

In that location are a total of 5.five million caregivers caring for former or electric current military personnel in the U.Due south. (1.1 1000000 post 9/11). [Ramchand, R., Tanielian, T., Fisher, M., Vaughan, C., Trail, T., Batka, C., Voorhies, P., Robbins, M., Robinson, Due east., & Ghosh-Dastidar, B. (2014). Cardinal Facts and Statistics from the RAND Military Caregivers Study.]
nine in 10 (96%) caregivers of veterans are female and 70% provide care to their spouse or partner. thirty% of veterans' caregivers treat a duration of 10 years or more than as compared to 15% of caregivers nationally. 88% study increased stress or anxiety equally a result of caregiving, and 77% state sleep deprivation as an issue. [National Alliance for Caregiving and United Health Foundation. (2010). Caregivers of Veterans: Serving on the Home Front.]
Military caregivers after 9/11 are more than probable to exist employed (63% vs. 47%), less likely to take a support network (47% vs. 71%), younger (37% under 30 years old vs. 11%), more than likely to exist caring for a recipient with a behavioral health condition (64% vs. 36%) or a VA disability rating (58% vs. 30%). [Ramchand, R., Tanielian, T., Fisher, M., Vaughan, C., Trail, T., Batka, C., Voorhies, P., Robbins, Thou., Robinson, East., & Ghosh-Dastidar, B. (2014). Key Facts and Statistics from the RAND Military Caregivers Study.]
Veteran care recipients (mail 9/11) are more probable to have no health insurance (32% vs. 23%) or regular source of wellness care (28% vs. 14%), take a mobility limiting disability (80% vs. 66%) or mental health/substance abuse status (64% vs. 33%), and meet criteria for probable depression (38% vs. xx%) compared to civilians. [Ramchand, R., Tanielian, T., Fisher, M., Vaughan, C., Trail, T., Batka, C., Voorhies, P., Robbins, M., Robinson, East., & Ghosh-Dastidar, B. (2014). Primal Facts and Statistics from the RAND Military Caregivers Study.]
Veterans suffer more oft from Traumatic Encephalon Injury (29%), Mail-traumatic Stress Disorder, Diabetes (28%), and paralysis or Spinal Cord Injury (20%). [National Alliance for Caregiving and United Health Foundation. (2010). Caregivers of Veterans: Serving on the Home Front.]

Family unit Caregiver Brotherhood
National Middle on Caregiving
(415) 434-3388 | (800) 445-8106
Website: www.caregiver.org
Email: info@caregiver.org
FCA CareNav: https://fca.cacrc.org/login
Services by Country: world wide web.caregiver.org/connecting-caregivers/services-by-state/.

Family Caregiver Alliance (FCA) seeks to improve the quality of life for caregivers through educational activity, services, research, and advancement. Through its National Center on Caregiving, FCA offers information on current social, public policy, and caregiving issues and provides help in the development of public and private programs for caregivers. For residents of the greater San Francisco Bay Expanse, FCA provides direct back up services for caregivers of those with Alzheimerʼs disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinsonʼs, and other debilitating disorders that strike adults.

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